Introduction

Physics is not just about abstract formulas; it is about understanding the natural phenomena that shape our world. One of the most fascinating topics in physics is Waves (Phy 104). This course introduces students to the science of periodic motion, sound, and light waves — laying the foundation for understanding communication systems, music, optics, and even modern technology like Wi-Fi and fiber optics.

What are Waves?

Waves are disturbances that transfer energy from one point to another without the transport of matter. They are found everywhere in nature — from the sound of your voice, to ripples on water, to the light from the sun.

  • Mechanical Waves – Require a medium (air, water, rope) to travel. Examples include sound waves and water waves.
  • Electromagnetic Waves – Do not require a medium and can travel through space. Examples include light, radio waves, and microwaves.
  • Transverse & Longitudinal Waves – Classified by the direction of particle vibration relative to wave motion.

Why Waves Matter

Understanding waves helps explain how energy travels through the universe. From music and speech to laser technology, communication systems, and medical imaging — waves are at the heart of science and engineering.

Key benefits of studying waves include:

  • Understanding the physics of sound and music
  • Explaining light behavior through reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction
  • Learning about resonance and its applications in instruments and engineering
  • Building the foundation for electronics, optics, and telecommunications

Important Concepts Covered

Throughout PHY 104, you will explore:

  • Simple Harmonic Motion and Periodic Motion
  • Wave Parameters (wavelength, frequency, amplitude, speed)
  • Sound Waves and Acoustics
  • Wave Superposition, Interference, and Beats
  • Wave Optics: Diffraction, Interference, Polarization

Tools and Applications

PHY 104 is not only theoretical but also practical. You will use:

  • Oscilloscopes for visualizing sound waves
  • Resonance tubes for measuring speed of sound
  • Laser setups for observing interference patterns
  • Simple experiments to understand resonance, diffraction, and beats

Conclusion

PHY 104 (Waves) is not just another physics course — it is your gateway to understanding how energy moves through the universe. By mastering waves, you build a strong foundation for electronics, communication systems, and optical physics. This course will train you to think like a scientist, visualize wave motion, and apply these principles in real-world technologies.